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In this study, copolymers based on 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (BCz) and three 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene derivatives (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), 3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene (ProDOT-Me₂), and 3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT)) were electrochemically synthesized and their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were characterized. The anodic copolymer P(BCz- co -ProDOT) with BCz/ProDOT-Me₂ = 1/1 feed molar ratio showed high optical contrast (Δ T %) and coloring efficiency (η), measured as 52.5% and 153.5 cm²∙C -1 at 748 nm, respectively. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(BCz- co -EDOT), P(BCz- co -ProDOT), and P(BCz- co -EDTT) as anodic polymer layers, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT-PSS) as cathodic polymer layer were fabricated. P(BCz- co -ProDOT)/triple-layer PEDOT-PSS ECD showed three different colors (light yellow, yellowish-blue, and dark blue) at different applied potentials. In addition, the highest optical contrast (Δ T %) of P(BCz- co -ProDOT)/triple-layer PEDOT-PSS ECD was found to be 41% at 642 nm and the coloration efficiency was calculated to be 416.5 cm²∙C -1 at 642 nm. All ECDs showed satisfactory optical memories and electrochemical cyclic stability.

polymers

Copolymers Based on 1,3-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene and Three 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Derivatives as Potential Anodically Coloring Copolymers in High-Contrast Electrochromic Devices