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The development of effective heavy metal adsorbents has always been the goal of environmentalists. Pectin/activated carbon microspheres (P/ACs) were prepared through simple gelation without chemical crosslinking and utilized for adsorption of Pb 2+ . Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the addition of activated carbon increased the porosity of the microsphere. Texture profile analysis showed good mechanical strength of P/ACs compared with original pectin microspheres. Kinetic studies found that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate was controlled by film diffusion. Adsorption isotherms were described well by a Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 279.33 mg/g. The P/ACs with the highest activated carbon (P/AC 2:3 ) maintained a removal rate over 95.5% after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum and XPS analysis suggested a potential mechanism of adsorption are ion exchange between Pb 2+  and Ca 2+ , electronic adsorption, formation of complexes, and physical adsorption of P/ACs. All the above results indicated the P/ACs may be a good candidate for the adsorption of Pb 2+ .

Pectin/Activated Carbon-Based Porous Microsphere for Pb2+ Adsorption: Characterization and Adsorption Behaviour