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The engineering applications of hydrogels are generally limited by the common problem of their softness and brittlness. In this study, a composite double network ionic hydrogel (CDN-gel) was obtained by the facile visible light triggered polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and hydrolyzed triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVS) and subsequent salt impregnation. The resulting CDN-gels exhibited high toughness, recovery ability, and notch-insensitivity. The tensile strength, fracture elongation, Young's modulus, and toughness of the CDN-gels reached up to ~21 MPa, ~700%, ~3.5 MPa, and ~48 M/m 3 , respectively. The residual strain at a strain of 200% was only ~25% after stretch-release of 1000 cycles. These properties will enable greater application of these hydrogel materials, especially for the fatigue resistance of tough hydrogels, as well as broaden their applications in damping.

Multi-Sacrificial Bonds Enhanced Double Network Hydrogel with High Toughness, Resilience, Damping, and Notch-Insensitivity