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This study focuses on the catalytic effect of the two geometric isomers of a cinnamic acid derivative, E and Z -forms of 3-methoxycinnamic acid (3OMeCA), analyzing the influence of their chemical structures. E and Z -3OMeCA isomers show very good catalytic effect in the polymerization of benzoxazines, decreasing by 40 and 55 °C, respectively, the polymerization temperatures, for catalyst contents of up to 10% w/w. Isothermal polymerizations show that polymerizations are easily realized and analyzed at temperatures as low as 130 °C and at much shorter times using Z -3OMeCA instead of E -3OMeCA. Thus, both cinnamic acids are good catalysts, with Z -3OMeCA being better. The molecular reasons for this difference and mechanistic implications in benzoxazine polymerizations are also presented.

Design and Effects of the Cinnamic Acids Chemical Structures as Organocatalyst on the Polymerization of Benzoxazines