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A highly porous freestanding supercapacitor electrode has been fabricated through a simple, inexpensive, bulk-scalable, and environmentally friendly method, without using any extra current collector, binder, or conducting additive. Benefiting from its unique micro-tubular hollow structure with a thin cell wall and large lumen, kapok fiber (KF) was used herein as a low-cost template for the successive growth of polypyrrole (PPy) through in situ chemical polymerization. This PPy-coated KF (KF@PPy) was blended with functionalized carbon nanotubes ( f -CNTs) to form freestanding conductive films (KF@PPy/ f -CNT) through a simple dispersion and filtration method. The hybrid film featuring the optimal composition exhibited an outstanding areal capacitance of 1289 mF cm -2 at a scan rate of 5 mV s -1 . Moreover, an assembled all-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor featuring a PVA/H₂SO₄ gel electrolyte exhibited not only areal capacitances as high as 258 mF cm -2 (at a scan rate of 5 mV s -1 ) but also excellent cycling stability (97.4% of the initial capacitance after 2500 cycles). Therefore, this efficient, low-cost, scalable green synthesis strategy appears to be a facile and sustainable way of fabricating high-performance flexible supercapacitors incorporating a renewable cellulose material.

Facile, Scalable, Eco-Friendly Fabrication of High-Performance Flexible All-Solid-State Supercapacitors