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Campanula takesimana Nakai (Campanulaceae; Korean bellflower) is one of the endemic herbs of Korea. The plant has been used as traditional medicines for treating asthma, tonsillitis, and sore throat in Korea. A hot water extract of the leaves of C. takesimana exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) production. Repetitive chromatographic separation of the hot water extract led to the isolation of three new neolignan glucosides, campanulalignans A-C ( 1 - 3 ), with 15 known compounds ( 4 - 18 ). The structures of new compounds 1 - 3 were elucidated by analyzing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, along with high resolution quadrupole time of flight mass (HR-Q-TOF-MS) spectrometric data. Among the isolates, simplidin ( 7 ), 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde ( 11 ), icariside F 2 ( 12 ), benzyl- α -l-arabinopyranosyl-(1″→6')- β -d-glucopyranoside ( 13 ), and kaempferol 3- O - β -d-apiosyl (1→2)- β -d-glucopyranoside ( 15 ) were isolated from the Campanulaceae family for the first time. The isolates ( 1 , 2 , and 4 - 18 ) were assessed for their anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated PGE 2 production on RAW 264.7 cells. 7 R ,8 S -Dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol ( 5 ), 3',4- O -dimethylcedrusin 9- O - β -glucopyranoside ( 6 ), pinoresinol di- O - β -d-glucoside ( 8 ), ferulic acid ( 10 ), 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde ( 11 ), and quercetin ( 18 ) showed significant inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated PGE 2 production.

Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Campanula takesimana (Korean Bellflower) and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS-induced PGE2 Production