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Both ion fluxes and changes of cytosolic pH take an active part in the signal transduction of different environmental stimuli. Here we studied the anoxia-induced alteration of cytosolic K + concentration, [K + ] cyt , and cytosolic pH, pH cyt , in rice and wheat, plants with different tolerances to hypoxia. The [K + ] cyt and pH cyt were measured by fluorescence microscopy in single leaf mesophyll protoplasts loaded with the fluorescent potassium-binding dye PBFI-AM and the pH-sensitive probe BCECF-AM, respectively. Anoxic treatment caused an efflux of K + from protoplasts of both plants after a lag-period of 300-450 s. The [K + ] cyt decrease was blocked by tetraethylammonium (1 mM, 30 min pre-treatment) suggesting the involvement of plasma membrane voltage-gated K + channels. The protoplasts of rice (a hypoxia-tolerant plant) reacted upon anoxia with a higher amplitude of the [K + ] cyt drop. There was a simultaneous anoxia-dependent cytosolic acidification of protoplasts of both plants. The decrease of pH cyt was slower in wheat (a hypoxia-sensitive plant) while in rice protoplasts it was rapid and partially reversible. Ion fluxes between the roots of intact seedlings and nutrient solutions were monitored by ion-selective electrodes and revealed significant anoxia-induced acidification and potassium leakage that were inhibited by tetraethylammonium. The K + efflux from rice was more distinct and reversible upon reoxygenation when compared with wheat seedlings.

Potassium Efflux and Cytosol Acidification as Primary Anoxia-Induced Events in Wheat and Rice Seedlings