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Obesity is a medical condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumulates to an extent that is associated with various diseases. In our ongoing research to figure out natural products with anti-obesity effects, a phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis was carried out, which resulted in the isolation of two major triterpenoid saponins: gypsogenin 3- O - β -d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[ α -l-rhamnopyranosyl (1→3)]- β -d-glucuronopyranoside ( 1 ) and quillaic acid 3- O - β -d-galactopyranosyl(1→2)-[ α -l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)]- β -d-glucuronopyranoside ( 2 ). Then, the effects of the isolated triterpenoid saponins ( 1 and 2 ) on adipocyte differentiation were evaluated, and it was demonstrated that the isolated saponin ( 1 ) showed inhibitory effects on adipogenesis. In mature adipocytes, the isolated saponin ( 1 ) reversed tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression. Additionally, the isolated saponin ( 1 ) reduced lipolytic gene expression leading to decreased basal lipolysis activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that saponin ( 1 ) of M. cochinchinensis exerts beneficial effects in the regulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation and could be a potential therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity-induced metabolic diseases.

The Effects of Triterpenoid Saponins from the Seeds of Momordica cochinchinensis on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mature Adipocyte Inflammation