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Downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete  Plasmopara viticola , is one of the most serious grapevine diseases. The development of new varieties, showing partial resistance to downy mildew, through traditional breeding provides a sustainable and effective solution for disease management. Marker-assisted-selection (MAS) provide fast and cost-effective genotyping methods, but phenotyping remains necessary to characterize the host–pathogen interaction and assess the effective resistance level of new varieties as well as to validate MAS selection. In this study, the  Rpv  mediated defense responses were investigated in 31 genotypes, encompassing susceptible and resistant varieties and 26 seedlings, following inoculation of leaf discs with  P. viticola . The offspring differed in  Rpv  loci inherited (none, one or two):  Rpv3-3  and  Rpv10  from Solaris and  Rpv3-1  and  Rpv12  from Kozma 20-3. To improve the assessment of different resistance responses, pathogen reaction (sporulation) and host reaction (necrosis) were scored separately as independent features. They were differently expressed depending on  Rpv  locus: offspring carrying  Rpv3-1  and  Rpv12  loci showed the strongest resistance response (scarce sporulation and necrosis), those carrying  Rpv3-3  locus showed the highest levels of necrosis while  Rpv10  carrying genotypes showed intermediate levels of both sporulation and necrosis.

Rpv Mediated Defense Responses in Grapevine Offspring Resistant to Plasmopara viticola