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Proline metabolism influences the metabolic and/or signaling pathway in regulating plant stress responses. This study aimed to characterize the physiological significance of glutamate (Glu)-mediated proline metabolism in the drought stress responses, focusing on the hormonal regulatory pathway. The responses of cytosolic Ca 2+ signaling, proline metabolism, and redox components to the exogenous application of Glu in well-watered or drought-stressed plants were interpreted in relation to endogenous hormone status and their signaling genes. Drought-enhanced level of abscisic acid (ABA) was concomitant with the accumulation of ROS and proline, as well as loss of reducing potential, which was assessed by measuring NAD(P)H/NAD(P) + and GSH/GSSG ratios. Glu application to drought-stressed plants increased both salicylic acid (SA) and cytosolic Ca 2+ levels, with the highest expression of calcium-dependent protein kinase ( CPK5 ) and salicylic acid synthesis-related ICS1 . The SA-enhanced CPK5 expression was closely associated with further enhancement of proline synthesis-related genes ( P5CS1, P5CS2, and P5CR ) expression and a reset of reducing potential with enhanced expression of redox regulating genes ( TRXh5 and GRXC9 ) in a SA-mediated NPR1- and/or PR1- dependent manner. These results clearly indicate that Glu-activated interplay between SA- and CPK5-signaling as well as Glu-enhanced proline synthesis are crucial in the amelioration of drought stress in Brassica napus .

Characterization of Glutamate-Mediated Hormonal Regulatory Pathway of the Drought Responses in Relation to Proline Metabolism in Brassica napus L.