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In mesophyll cells of the aquatic monocot Vallisneria , red light induces rotational cytoplasmic streaming, which is regulated by the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca 2+ . Our previous investigations revealed that red light induces Ca 2+ efflux across the plasma membrane (PM), and that both the red light-induced cytoplasmic streaming and the Ca 2+ efflux are sensitive to vanadate, an inhibitor of P-type ATPases. In this study, pharmacological experiments suggested the involvement of PM H + -ATPase, one of the P-type ATPases, in the photoinduction of cytoplasmic streaming. We hypothesized that red light would activate PM H + -ATPase to generate a large H + motive force (PMF) in a photosynthesis-dependent manner. We demonstrated that indeed, photosynthesis increased the PMF and induced phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, threonine, of PM H + -ATPase, which is a major activation mechanism of H + -ATPase. The results suggested that a large PMF generated by PM H + -ATPase energizes the Ca 2+ efflux across the PM. As expected, we detected a putative Ca 2+ /H + exchange activity in PM vesicles isolated from Vallisneria leaves.

Role of Proton Motive Force in Photoinduction of Cytoplasmic Streaming in Vallisneria Mesophyll Cells