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Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML) act as significant Ca 2+ sensors binding Ca 2+ with EF-hand motifs and have been reported to be involved in various environmental stresses in plants. In this study, calmodulin CsCaM/CML gene family members were identified based on the genome of Chrysanthemum seticuspe published recently; a phylogenetic tree was constructed; gene structures and chromosomal locations of CsCaM/CML were depicted; cis-acting regulatory elements were predicted; collinearity and duplicate events of CaM/CML were analyzed using MCScanX software; and the expression levels of CsCaM/CML in response to abiotic stress were analyzed, based on the published RNA-seq data. We identified 86 CsCaM/CML (4 CsCaMs and 82 CsCMLs ) genes in total. Promoter sequences of CsCaM/CML contained elements related to abiotic stresses (including low-temperature and anaerobic stresses) and plant hormones (including abscisic acid (ABA), MeJA, and salicylic acid). CsCaM/CML genes were distributed on nine chromosomes unevenly. Collinearity analysis indicated that recent segmental duplications significantly enlarged the scale of the CML family in C. seticuspe . Four CsCMLs ( CsCML14 , CsCML50 , CsCML65 , and CsCML79 ) were statistically differentially regulated under low-temperature and salt stress compared with those in the normal condition. These results indicate diverse roles of CsCaM/CML in plant development and in response to environmental stimuli in C. seticuspe .

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of CsCaM/CML Gene Family in Response to Low-Temperature and Salt Stresses in Chrysanthemum seticuspe