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Nitrogen (N) supply and seed rate (SR) are two essential factors that affect the accumulation and partitioning of N and dry matter (DM) and, therefore, grain yield (GY) and N use efficiency (NUE). The objective of this experiment was to optimize N application and SR to regulate wheat growth and increase both GY and NU E . The results revealed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), chlorophyll content, and activities of metabolic enzymes (NR and GS) significantly increased with increasing of N levels while decreasing SR. Plant tillers, GY, DM before anthesis, and N translocation, N agronomic efficiency (NA E ), N recovery efficiency (NR E ), and N uptake efficiency (NUP E ) were highest in a combined treatment of N 235 and SR 180 . However, N levels beyond 235 kg ha -1 significantly decreased NA E , NR E , and NUP E . By increasing SR from 135 to 180 kg ha -1 an increase of 12.9 % and 9.1% GY and NUPE, respectively, was observed. Based on this result, we estimate that 1 kg N ha -1 might be replaced by an increase of approximately 0.6 kg ha -1 SR. Our study suggested that using a combination of N and SR (N 235 + SR 180 ) could attain maximum GY and improve NU E parameters.

Optimizing Nitrogen and Seed Rate Combination for Improving Grain Yield and Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Winter Wheat