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A new steroidal saponin, 26- O - β -d-glucopyranosyl-(25 R )-furost-5- ene -3 β ,22 α ,26-triol 3- O -(1-4)- β -d-glucopyranosyl- α -l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-[ α -l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-4)]- β -d-glucopyranoside [asparacochioside A ( 1 )] was isolated from a hot water extract of the roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis , together with the known steroidal saponins protodioscin ( 2 ), methyl protodioscin ( 3 ), aspacochioside A ( 4 ), aspacochioside C ( 5 ), 15-hydroxypseudoprotodioscin ( 6 ), and chamaedroside E ( 7 ). The structure of the new compound 1 was determined by interpretation of its spectroscopic data (1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-Q-TOF-MS) and sugar analysis. The isolated compounds 1 - 7 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and SKOV3). Asparacochioside A ( 1 ) exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against both A2780 and SKOV3 cells with IC50 values of 5.25 ± 2.2 and 46.82 ± 9.43 μM, respectively. Furthermore, asparacochioside A ( 1 ) significantly increased the percentage of Annexin V-positive cells (apoptotic cells), suggesting that asparacochioside A induces ovarian cancer cell death via apoptosis.

A Novel Cytotoxic Steroidal Saponin from the Roots of Asparagus cochinchinensis