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The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L −1 ) of  Parthenium hysterophorus  methanol extract on  Cyperus iria  was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. No seed germination was recorded in the laboratory when  P. hysterophorus  extract was applied at 50 g L −1 . In the glasshouse,  C. iria  was mostly injured by  P. hysterophorus  extract at 100 g L −1 . The phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of  P. hysterophorus  were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. The results indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles, sulfonic acid and other unknown compounds in  P. hysterophorus  methanol extract. A comparative study was also conducted between  P. hysterophorus  extract (20, 40 and 80 g L −1 ) with a synthetic herbicide (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium at 2 L ha −1 ) as a positive control and no treatment (negative control) on  Ageratum   conyzoides ,  Oryza   sativa  and  C. iria.  The growth and biomass of test weeds were remarkably inhibited by  P. hysterophorus  extract. Nevertheless, no significant difference was obtained when  P. hysterophorus  extract (80 g L −1 ) and synthetic herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) were applied on  A.   conyzoides.

Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Comparison to Commercial Herbicides to Control Weeds