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Anther culture technique is the most viable and efficient method of producing homozygous doubled haploid plants within a short period. However, the practical application of this technology in rice improvement is still limited by various factors that influence culture efficiency. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two improved anther culture media, Ali-1 (A1) and Ali-2 (A2), a modified N6 medium, to enhance the callus formation and plant regeneration of  japonica ,  indica , and hybrids of  indica  and  japonica  cross. The current study demonstrated that genotype and media had a significant impact ( p &lt;  0.001) on both callus induction frequency and green plantlet regeneration efficiency. The use of the A1 and A2 medium significantly enhanced callus induction frequency of  japonica  rice type, Nipponbare, and the hybrids of  indica  ×  japonica  cross (CXY6, CXY24, and Y2) but not the  indica  rice type, NSIC Rc480. However, the A1 medium is found superior to the N6 medium as it significantly improved the green plantlet regeneration efficiency of CXY6, CXY24, and Y2 by almost 36%, 118%, and 277%, respectively. Furthermore, it substantially reduced the albino plantlet regeneration of the induced callus in two hybrids (CXY6 and Y2). Therefore, the improved anther culture medium A1 can produce doubled haploid rice plants for  indica  ×  japonica , which can be useful in different breeding programs that will enable the speedy development of rice varieties for resource-poor farmers.

Improved Anther Culture Media for Enhanced Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)