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Storage ability of trifoliate yam ( Dioscorea dumetorum ) is restricted by a severe post-harvest hardening (PHH) phenomenon, which starts within the first 24 h after harvest and renders tubers inedible. Previous work has only focused on the biochemical changes affecting PHH in  D. dumetorum . To the best of our knowledge, the candidate genes responsible for the hardening of  D. dumetorum  have not been identified. Here, transcriptome analyses of  D. dumetorum  tubers were performed in yam tubers of four developmental stages: 4 months after emergence (4MAE), immediately after harvest (AH), 3 days after harvest (3DAH) and 14 days after harvest (14DAH) of four accessions (Bangou 1, Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, and Ibo sweet 3) using RNA-Seq. In total, between AH and 3DAH, 165, 199, 128 and 61 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in Bayangam 2, Fonkouankem 1, Bangou 1 and Ibo sweet 3, respectively. Functional analysis of DEGs revealed that genes encoding for  CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A  ( CESA ),  XYLAN O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE  ( XOAT ),  CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN   1 ,  2 ,  3 ,  4  ( LHCB1 ,  LHCB2 ,  LHCB3 , and  LCH4 ) and an  MYB  transcription factor were predominantly and significantly up-regulated 3DAH, implying that these genes were potentially involved in the PHH as confirmed by qRT-PCR. A hypothetical mechanism of this phenomenon and its regulation has been proposed. These findings provide the first comprehensive insights into gene expression in yam tubers after harvest and valuable information for molecular breeding against the PHH.

Transcriptome Sequence Reveals Candidate Genes Involving in the Post-Harvest Hardening of Trifoliate Yam Dioscorea dumetorum