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The genus  Silene  L. is one of the largest genera in Caryophyllaceae, and is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and South America. The endemic species  Silene leucophylla  and the near-endemic  S. schimperiana  are native to the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. They have reduced population size and are endangered on national and international scales. These two species have typically been disregarded in most studies of the genus  Silene . This research integrates the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), species micromorphology, and the phylogenetic analysis of four DNA markers: ITS,  mat K,  rbc L and  psb -A/ trn- H. Trichomes were observed on the stem of  Silene leucophylla,  while the  S. schimperiana  has a glabrous stem. Irregular epicuticle platelets with sinuate margin were found in  S. schimperiana . Oblong, bone-shaped, and irregularly arranged epidermal cells were present on the leaf of  S. leucophylla,  while  Silene schimperiana  leaf has “tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and polygonal” epidermal cells.  Silene leucophylla  and  S. schimperiana  have amphistomatic stomata. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of each marker individually or in combination represented the first phylogenetic study to reveal the generic and sectional classification of  S. leucophylla  and  S. schimperiana . Two  Silene  complexes are proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic data. The  Leucophylla  complex was allied to section  Siphonomorpha  and the  Schimperiana  complex was related to section  Sclerocalycinae . However, these two complexes need further investigation and more exhaustive sampling to infer their complex phylogenetic relationships.

plants

Taxonomic Revisiting and Phylogenetic Placement of Two Endangered Plant Species: Silene leucophylla Boiss. and Silene schimperiana Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae)