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Drought is a major environmental constrain with a deleterious effect on plant development leading to a considerable reduction of crop productivity worldwide. Wheat is a relatively drought tolerant crop during the vegetative stage. The herbicide Serrate ®  (Syngenta) is a preparation containing two active chemical substances with different modes of action, which inhibit the biosynthesis of fatty and amino acids. It is commonly used as a systemic and selective chemical agent to control annual grass and broadleaf weeds in cereal crops and particularly in wheat, which is tolerant to Serrate ® . Seventeen-day-old wheat seedlings ( Triticum aestivum  L., cv. Sadovo-1) grown as soil culture under controlled conditions were sprayed with an aqueous solution of Serrate ® . Seventy-two hours later the plantlets were subjected to drought stress for seven days to reach a severe water deficit followed by four days of recovery with a normal irrigation regime. Oxidative stress markers, non-enzymatic, and enzymatic antioxidants were analyzed in the leaves of plants from the different treatment groups (herbicide-treated, droughts-stressed, and individuals which were consecutively subjected to both treatments) at 0, 96, and 168 h of drought stress, and after 96 h of recovery. Herbicide treatment did not alter substantially the phenotype and growth parameters of the above-ground plant parts. It provoked a moderate increase in phenolics, thiol-containing compounds, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and H 2 O 2 . However, significant variations of malondialdehyde, proline, and peroxidase activity caused by the sole application of the herbicide were not detected during the experimental period. Drought and herbicide + drought treatments caused significant growth inhibition, increased oxidative stress markers, and activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense reaching the highest levels at 168 h of stress. Plant growth was restored after 96 h of recovery and the levels of the monitored biochemical parameters showed a substantial decline. The herbicide provoked an extra load of oxidative stress-related biochemical components which did not aggravate the phenotypic and growth traits of plants subjected to drought, since they exhibited a good physiological status upon recovery.

Assessment of the Biochemical Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Soil Drought after Application of Selective Herbicide