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Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the only enzyme that catalyzes the acyl-CoA-dependent acylation of sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol (DAG) to form triacylglycerol (TAG). The two main types of DGAT enzymes in the woody perennial biofuel plant  Jatropha curcas , JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2, were previously characterized only in heterologous systems. In this study, we investigated the functions of  JcDGAT1  and  JcDGAT2  in  J. curcas.   JcDGAT1  and  JcDGAT2  were found to be predominantly expressed during the late stages of  J. curcas  seed development, in which large amounts of oil accumulated. As expected, overexpression of  JcDGAT1  or  JcDGAT2  under the control of the  CaMV35S  promoter gave rise to an increase in seed kernel oil production, reaching a content of 53.7% and 55.7% of the seed kernel dry weight, respectively, which were respectively 25% and 29.6% higher than that of control plants. The increase in seed oil content was accompanied by decreases in the contents of protein and soluble sugars in the seeds. Simultaneously, there was a two- to four-fold higher leaf TAG content in transgenic plants than in control plants. Moreover, by analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profiles, we found that JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2 had the same substrate specificity with preferences for C18:2 in seed TAGs, and C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 in leaf TAGs. Therefore, our study confirms the important role of  JcDGAT1  and  JcDGAT2  in regulating oil production in  J. curcas .

plants

Overexpression of Type 1 and 2 Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Genes (JcDGAT1 and JcDGAT2) Enhances Oil Production in the Woody Perennial Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas