English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Many studies have found that future predicted CO 2  levels can increase plant mass but dilute N content in leaves, impacting antiherbivore compounds. Nitrogen-fixing plants may balance their leaf C:N ratio under elevated CO 2 , counteracting this dilution effect. However, we know little of how plants respond to herbivores at the higher CO 2  levels that occurred when nitrogen-fixing plants first evolved. We grew  Alnus incana  ssp.  rugosa  was grown at 400, 800, or 1600 ppm CO 2  in soil collected from the field, inoculated with  Frankia  and exposed to herbivores ( Orgyia leucostigma ). Elevated CO 2  increased nodulated plant biomass and stimulated the nitrogen fixation rate in the early growth stage. However, nitrogen-fixing plants were not able to balance their C:N ratio under elevated CO 2  after growing for 19 weeks. When plants were grown at 400 and 1600 ppm CO 2,  herbivores preferred to feed on leaves of nodulated plants. At 800 ppm CO 2 , nodulated plants accumulated more total phenolic compounds in response to herbivore damage than plants in the non- Frankia  and non-herbivore treatments. Our results suggest that plant leaf defence, not leaf nutritional content, is the dominant driver of herbivory and nitrogen-fixing plants have limited ability to balance C:N ratios at elevated CO 2  in natural soil.

The Interactive Effect of Elevated CO2 and Herbivores on the Nitrogen-Fixing Plant Alnus incana ssp. rugosa