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In our search for novel plant-derived inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) with potential for treating inflammatory diseases, the phytochemicals of Amomum tsao-ko fruits were investigated, leading to the isolation of one bicyclic nonane ( 1 ), three menthene skeleton monoterpenoids ( 2 - 4 ), and two acyclic monoterpenoids ( 5 and 6 ). Their structures were identified using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 2 - 5 were obtained from the genus Amomum for the first time. All isolates were tested for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NO overproduction in RAW264.7 cells. Compound 4 was found to inhibit NO production. Western blotting analysis indicated that active compound 4 can regulate inducible NO synthase expression. In addition, lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 1 beta and interleukin-6 overproduction was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner.

Monoterpenoids from the Fruits of Amomum tsao-ko Have Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production