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This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of an ethanolic extract of Tuscan  Rosmarinus officinalis  ( Ro ex) and to determine its in vitro bioactivity. The content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, hydroxycinnamic acids and triterpenoids was determined, and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid and other hydroxycinnamic derivatives were the main constituents of the extract.  Ro ex demonstrated to have both antioxidant activity and the capability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 viability was influenced by the extract with an IC 50  of 2.4 × 10 −1  mg/mL and 4.8 × 10 −1  mg/mL, respectively. The addition of  Ro ex to the culture medium of both the above cell lines, resulted also in the reduction of cell death after H 2 O 2  pre-treatment. The Ames test demonstrated that  Ro ex was not genotoxic towards both TA98 and TA100 strains, with and without S9 metabolic activation. The extract, by inactivating thrombin, showed to also have an anti-coagulating effect at low concentration values. All these biological activities exerted by  Ro ex are tightly correlated to its phytochemical profile, rich in bioactive compounds.

Chemical Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative, Anticoagulant and Mutagenic Effects of a Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tuscan Rosmarinus officinalis