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In this work, the Lotka–Volterra equations where applied to laser physics to describe population inversion and the number of emitted photons. Given that predation and stimulated emissions are analogous processes, two rate equations where obtained by finding suitable parameter transformations for a three-level laser. This resulted in a set of differential equations which are isomorphic to several laser models under accurate parameter identification. Furthermore, the steady state provided two critical points: one where light amplification stops and another where continuous-wave operation is achieved. Lyapunov’s first method of stability yielded the conditions for the convergence to the continuous-wave point, whereas a Lyapunov potential provided its stability regions. Finally, the Q-Switching technique was modeled by introducing a periodic variation of the quality Q of the cavity. This resulted in the transformation of the asymptotically stable fixed point into a limit cycle in the phase space.

Interpretation and Dynamics of the Lotka–Volterra Model in the Description of a Three-Level Laser