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Tacrolimus presents high intra and inter-individual variability in its blood trough concentration (Cmin). Knowledge of the factors that are involved in tacrolimus Cmin variability is thus clinically important to prevent or limit it. Inflammation can affect the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. We evaluated the contribution of acute inflammation in the pharmacokinetic variability of tacrolimus blood Cmin in a large cohort of liver transplant patients. Demographic, biological, and clinical data from 248 liver transplant patients treated with tacrolimus from January 2010 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected from medical records. In total, 1573 Cmin/dose and concomitant C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements were analysed. In multivariate analysis, the log Cmin/dose of tacrolimus was significantly and positively associated with the hematocrit, ALAT, and CRP concentrations. CRP concentrations were higher ( p  = 0.003) for patients with tacrolimus overexposure (i.e., tacrolimus Cmin &gt; 15 µg/L) (median CRP (10th–90th percentiles): 27 mg/L (3–149 mg/L),  n  = 91) than they were for patients with a tacrolimus Cmin ≤ 15 µg/L (13 mg/mL (3–95 mg/L),  n  = 1482)). CRP in the fourth quartile (49 to 334 mg/L) was associated with a 2.6-fold increased risk of tacrolimus Cmin overexposure. Our study provides evidence that inflammation contributes to tacrolimus Cmin variability and suggests that inflammation should be considered for the correct interpretation of tacrolimus blood concentration.

Variability of Tacrolimus Trough Concentration in Liver Transplant Patients: Which Role of Inflammation?