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Infections caused by  Candida  are very difficult to treat due to increasing antifungal resistance. Recent studies showed that patients with  Candida  infections resistant to fluconazole have very few treatment options. Therefore, finding new efficient antifungal agents is a matter of medical high priority. The aim of this study was to explore the antifungal potential of BrCl-flav-a representative of a new class of synthetic flavonoids with bromine as halogen substituent at the benzopyran core against four  Candida  clinical strains. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration along with the time kill assay indicated a strong antifungal effect of BrCl-flav against  C. albicans ,  C. parapsilosis ,  C. krusei  and  C. glabrata . The investigation of anti- Candida  mechanism of action using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that Br-Cl flav could inhibit fungal growth by impairing the membrane integrity, the resulting structural damages leading to cell lysis. BrCl-flav also showed important anti-virulence properties against  Candida  spp., inhibiting biofilm formation and yeast to hyphal transition. A strong synergistic antifungal effect against  C. albicans  strain was observed when BrCl-flav was used in combination with fluconazole. BrCl-flav has a good potential to develop new effective antifungal agents in the context of  Candida  spp. multidrug resistance phenomenon.

The Antibacterial Synthetic Flavonoid BrCl-Flav Exhibits Important Anti-Candida Activity by Damaging Cell Membrane Integrity