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Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases that cause problems in developing countries. The causative agents,  Leishmania  spp. and  Trypanosoma cruzi , produce a clinical picture that can be fatal for the patient, such as Chagas heart disease, visceral leishmaniasis and megacolon, among others. Current treatments for these diseases are not very effective and highly toxic, since they require very prolonged treatments. The development of innovative, effective and safe drugs to fight infections caused by these parasites remains a challenge. For this reason, in recent years, there has been an increase in the search for new therapies. In this study, the antikinetoplastid activity of 13 sesquiterpene lactones obtained from  Palythoa aff. clavata  was screened against  L. amazonensis ,  L. donovani  and  T. cruzi . The results revealed that the sesquiterpene lactones anhydroartemorin ( 2 ),  cis,trans -costunolide-14-acetate ( 3 ) and 4-hydroxyarbusculin A ( 11 ) were the most selective against the kinetoplastid species studied. These molecules seem to induce the mechanisms involved in an apoptotic-like death or programmed cell death (PCD) in the kinetoplastids, and since they do not cause necrosis, the inflammatory events associated with this type of cell death will not be triggered.

Antikinetoplastid Activity of Sesquiterpenes Isolated from the Zoanthid Palythoa aff. clavata