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Statins inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Statin therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Monacolin J is a statin compound, which is an intermediate in the lovastatin biosynthesis pathway, in the fungus Aspergillus terreus . It is also found in red yeast rice, which is made by culturing rice with the yeast Monascus purpureus . Monacolin J has a hydroxyl substituent at position C'-8 of monacolin L. Here, a new statin derivative from monacolin J was made through the catalysis of CYP102A1 from Bacillus megaterium . A set of CYP102A1 mutants of monacolin J hydroxylation with high catalytic activity was screened. The major hydroxylated product was C-6'a-hydroxymethyl monacolin J, whose structure was confirmed using LC-MS and NMR analysis. The C-6'a-hydroxymethyl monacolin J has never been reported before. It showed a greater ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase than the monacolin J substrate itself. Human liver microsomes and human CYP3A4 also showed the ability to catalyze monacolin J in producing the same product of the CYP102A1-catalyzed reaction. This result motivates a new strategy for the development of a lead for the enzymatic and chemical processes to develop statin drug candidates.

A Novel Statin Compound from Monacolin J Produced Using CYP102A1-Catalyzed Regioselective C-Hydroxylation