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Bradykinin (BK) has various physiological and pathological roles. Medicinal chemistry efforts targeted toward the widely expressed BK B 2 receptor (B 2 R), a G-protein-coupled receptor, were primarily aimed at developing antagonists. The only B 2 R antagonist in clinical use is the peptide icatibant, approved to abort attacks of hereditary angioedema. However, the anti-inflammatory applications of B 2 R antagonists are potentially wider. Furthermore, the B 2 R antagonists notoriously exhibit species-specific pharmacological profiles. Classical smooth muscle contractility assays are exploited over a time scale of several hours and support determining potency, competitiveness, residual agonist activity, specificity, and reversibility of pharmacological agents. The contractility assay based on the isolated human umbilical vein, expressing B 2 R at physiological density, was introduced when investigating the first non-peptide B 2 R antagonist (WIN 64338). Small ligand molecules characterized using the assay include the exquisitely potent competitive antagonist, Pharvaris Compound 3 or the partial agonist Fujisawa Compound 47a. The umbilical vein assay is also useful to verify pharmacologic properties of special peptide B 2 R ligands, such as the carboxypeptidase-activated latent agonists and fluorescent probes. Furthermore, the proposed agonist effect of tissue kallikrein on the B 2 R has been disproved using the vein. This assay stands in between cellular and molecular pharmacology and in vivo studies.

A Robust Bioassay of the Human Bradykinin B2 Receptor That Extends Molecular and Cellular Studies: The Isolated Umbilical Vein