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Siderophores produced in soil by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) play several roles, including nutrient mobilizers and can be useful as plants defense elicitors. We investigated the role of a synthetic mixed ligand bis-catechol-mono-hydroxamate siderophore (SID) that mimics the chemical structure of a natural siderophore, fimsbactin, produced by Acinetobacter spp. in the resistance against the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae  pv tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000), in Arabidopsis thaliana. We first tested the antibacterial activity of SID against Pst DC3000 in vitro . After confirming that SID had antibacterial activity against Pst DC3000, we tested whether the observed in vitro activity could translate into resistance of Arabidopsis to Pst DC3000, using bacterial loads as endpoints in a plant infection model. Furthermore, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we explored the molecular actors involved in the resistance of Arabidopsis induced by SID. Finally, to assure that SID would not interfere with PGPRs, we tested in vitro the influence of SID on the growth of a reference PGPR, Bacillus subtilis . We report here that SID is an antibacterial agent as well as an inducer of systemic priming of resistance in A. thaliana against Pst DC3000, and that SID can, at the same time, promote growth of a PGPR.

pathogens

A Siderophore Analog of Fimsbactin from Acinetobacter Hinders Growth of the Phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae and Induces Systemic Priming of Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana