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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans  genome can be divided into an accessory gene pool (found in some but not all strains) and a core gene pool (found in all strains). The functions of the accessory genes (genomic islands and non-island accessory genes) are largely unknown. We hypothesize that accessory genes confer critical functions for  A. actinomycetemcomitans  in vivo. This study examined the expression patterns of accessory and core genes of  A. actinomycetemcomitans  in distinct growth conditions. We found similar expression patterns of island and non-island accessory genes, which were generally lower than the core genes in all growth conditions. The median expression levels of genomic islands were 29%–37% of the core genes in enriched medium but elevated to as high as 63% of the core genes in nutrient-limited media. Several putative virulence genes, including the cytolethal distending toxin operon, were found to be activated in nutrient-limited conditions. In conclusion, genomic islands and non-island accessory genes exhibited distinct patterns of expression from the core genes and may play a role in the survival of  A. actinomycetemcomitans  in nutrient-limited environments.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Core and Accessory Genes in Different Growth Conditions