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In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potential of bioreactor-grown cell cultures of the medicinal plant species  Dioscorea deltoidea ,  Tribulus terrestris  and  Panax japonicus  to treat carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in laboratory rats. In the adrenaline model of hyperglycemia, aqueous suspensions of cell biomass pre-administered at a dose of 100 mg dry biomass/kg significantly reduced glucose level in animal blood 1–2.5 h ( D. deltoidea  and  T. terrestris ) or 1 h ( P. japonicus ) after adrenaline hydrochloride administration. In a streptozotocin-induced model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cell biomass of  D. deltoidea  and  T. terrestris  acted towards normalization of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as evidenced by a significant reduction of daily diuresis (by 39–57%), blood-glucose level (by 46–51%), blood content in urine (by 78–80%) and total cholesterol (25–36%) compared to animals without treatment. Bioactive secondary metabolites identified in the cell cultures and potentially responsible for their actions were deltoside, 25(S)-protodioscin and protodioscin in  D. deltoidea ; furostanol-type steroidal glycosides and quinic acid derivatives in  T. terrestris ; and ginsenosides and malonyl-ginsenosides in  P. japonicus.  These results evidenced for high potential of bioreactor-grown cell suspensions of these species for prevention and treatment of CMD, which requires further investigation.

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Effect of Phytopreparations Based on Bioreactor-Grown Cell Biomass of Dioscorea deltoidea, Tribulus terrestris and Panax japonicus on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus