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Nitrate-rich food can increase nitric oxide production and improve vascular and brain functions. This study examines the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the effects of prolonged consumption of different doses of dietary nitrate (NO 3  − ) in the form of beetroot juice (BJ) in overweight and obese older participants. A single-blind, four-arm parallel pilot RCT was conducted in 62 overweight and obese (30.4 ± 4 kg/m 2 ) older participants (mean ± standard deviation (SD), 66 ± 4 years). Participants were randomized to: (1) high-NO 3  −  (HN: 2 × 70 mL BJ/day) (2) medium-NO 3  −  (MN: 70 mL BJ/day), (3) low-NO 3  −  (LN: 70 mL BJ on alternate days) or (4) Placebo (PL: 70 mL of NO 3  − -depleted BJ on alternate days), for 13 weeks. Compliance was checked by a daily log of consumed BJ, NO 3  −  intake, and by measuring NO 3  −  and NO 2  −  concentrations in plasma, saliva, and urine samples. Fifty participants completed the study. Self-reported compliance to the interventions was >90%. There were significant positive linear relationships between NO 3  −  dose and the increase in plasma and urinary NO 3  −  concentration (R 2  = 0.71,  p  < 0.001 and R 2  = 0.46  p  < 0.001, respectively), but relationships between NO 3  −  dose and changes in salivary NO 3  −  and NO 2  −  were non-linear (R 2  = 0.35,  p  = 0.002 and R 2  = 0.23,  p  = 0.007, respectively). The results confirm the feasibility of prolonged BJ supplementation in older overweight and obese adults.

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Acceptability and Feasibility of a 13-Week Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Incremental Doses of Beetroot Juice in Overweight and Obese Older Adults