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We investigated effects of molecular hydrogen (H 2 ) supplementation on acid-base status, pulmonary gas exchange responses, and local muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise. Eighteen healthy, trained subjects in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design received H 2 -rich calcium powder (HCP) (1500 mg/day, containing 2.544 µg/day of H 2 ) or H 2 -depleted placebo (1500 mg/day) for three consecutive days. They performed cycling incremental exercise starting at 20-watt work rate, increasing by 20 watts/2 min until exhaustion. Breath-by-breath pulmonary ventilation (V˙ E ) and CO 2 output (V˙CO 2 ) were measured and muscle deoxygenation (deoxy[Hb + Mb]) was determined via time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy in the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF). Blood gases' pH, lactate, and bicarbonate (HCO 3  - ) concentrations were measured at rest and 120-, 200-, and 240-watt work rates. At rest, the HCP group had significantly lower V˙ E , V˙CO 2 , and higher HCO 3  - , partial pressures of CO 2 (PCO 2 ) versus placebo. During exercise, a significant pH decrease and greater HCO 3  - continued until 240-watt workload in HCP. The V˙ E was significantly lower in HCP versus placebo, but HCP did not affect the gas exchange status of V˙CO 2 or oxygen uptake (V˙O 2 ). HCP increased absolute values of deoxy[Hb + Mb] at the RF but not VL. Thus, HCP-induced hypoventilation would lead to lower pH and secondarily impaired balance between O 2 delivery and utilization in the local RF during exercise, suggesting that HCP supplementation, which increases the at-rest antioxidant potential, affects the lower ventilation and pH status during incremental exercise. HPC induced a significantly lower O 2 delivery/utilization ratio in the RF but not the VL, which may be because these regions possess inherently different vascular/metabolic control properties, perhaps related to fiber-type composition.

Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Incremental Exercise in Humans