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Objective: To describe families' experiences in managing epileptic patients undergoing ketogenic dietary therapies (KDTs) in acute medical settings. Methods: We conducted a short online survey addressed to the families of patients undergoing a classic ketogenic diet (cKD) for at least three months. The survey was composed of 18 questions exploring the following issues: demographic characteristics, epilepsy diagnosis, ketogenic-diet treatment history, the reason for emergency-ward admission and patient management, surgery-procedure management, and outcomes. Results: A sample of 50 families agreed to participate. Out of 50 patients, 33 (66%) had been undergoing a cKD for more than two years. Fifteen (30%) patients had been admitted at least once to the Emergency Room (ER), and 8.2% had undergone surgical procedures during cKD treatment. The causes of ER admission were the following: seizures, infection, trauma, and gastrointestinal or respiratory problems. In 75% of cases, blood ketonemia was not monitored during ER admission, and according to 46% of responders, the medical staff intervening did not have a basic knowledge of KDTs. Conclusions: According to both our experience and caregivers' reports, it might be useful to search for standardized specific approaches to patients undergoing KDTs in the emergency setting.

Families’ Perception of Classic Ketogenic Diet Management in Acute Medical Conditions: A Web-Based Survey