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This paper reports the influence of dysprosium ion (Dy 3+ ) substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of NiDy  x  Fe 2- x  O 4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nanoparticles (NPs) prepared using a hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the as-synthesized NPs were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscope (SEM, and TEM) analyses. 57 Fe Mössbauer spectra were recorded to determine the Dy 3+ content dependent variation in the line width, isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and hyperfine magnetic fields. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of the prepared NPs were also investigated by zero-field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetizations and AC susceptibility measurements. The M ZFC (T) results showed a blocking temperature ( T  B ). Below T  B , the products behave as ferromagnetic (FM) and act superparamagnetic (SPM) above T  B . The M FC ( T ) curves indicated the existence of super-spin glass (SSG) behavior below T  s (spin-glass freezing temperature). The AC susceptibility measurements confirmed the existence of the two transition temperatures (i.e., T  B and T  s ). Numerous models, e.g., Neel-Arrhenius (N-A), Vogel-Fulcher (V-F), and critical slowing down (CSD), were used to investigate the dynamics of the systems. It was found that the Dy substitution enhanced the magnetic interactions.

Magnetic Attributes of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles: Influence of Dysprosium Ions (Dy3+) Substitution