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A sol-gel autocombustion method was used to synthesize Al 3+ ion-substituted cobalt ferrite CoAl  x  Fe 2- x  O₄ ( x = 0⁻1.5). According to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), cobalt ferrite was in a single cubic phase after being calcined at 1000 °C for 3 h. Moreover, the lattice constant decreased with increase in aluminum substituents. When the sample was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), we found that uniformly sized, well-crystallized grains were distributed in the sample. Furthermore, we confirmed that Al 3+ ion-substituted cobalt ferrite underwent a transition from ferrimagnetic to superparamagnetic behavior; the superparamagnetic behavior was completely correlated with the increase in Al 3+ ion concentration at room temperature. All these findings were observed in Mössbauer spectra. For the cobalt ferrite CoAl  x  Fe 2- x  O₄, the coercivity and saturation magnetization decrease with an increase in aluminum content. When the annealing temperature of CoAl 0.1 Fe 1.9 O₄ was steadily increased, the coercivity and saturation magnetization initially increased and then decreased.

Effects of Al3+ Substitution on Structural and Magnetic Behavior of CoFe2O4 Ferrite Nanomaterials