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On⁻off⁻on fluorescent sensors based on emerging carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) or carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention for their convenience and efficiency. In this study, dumped silkworm excrement was used as a novel precursor to prepare fluorescent nitrogen-doped CNPs (N-CNPs) through hydrothermal treatment. The obtained N-CNPs showed good photoluminescent properties and excellent water dispersibility. Thus, they were applied as fluorescence &amp;ldquo;on⁻off⁻on&amp;rdquo; probes for the detection of Fe(III) and biothiols. The &amp;ldquo;on⁻off&amp;rdquo; process was achieved by adding Fe(III) into N-CNP solution, which resulted in the selective fluorescence quenching, with the detection limit of 0.20 &amp;mu;M in the linear range of 1⁻500 &amp;mu;M. Following this, the introduction of biothiols could recover the fluorescence efficiently, in order to realize the &amp;ldquo;off⁻on&amp;rdquo; process. By using glutathione (GSH) as the representative, the linear range was in the range of 1⁻1000 &amp;mu;M, and the limit of detection was 0.13 &amp;mu;M. Moreover, this useful strategy was successfully applied for the determination of amounts of GSH in fetal calf serum samples.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoparticles Derived from Silkworm Excrement as On–Off–On Fluorescent Sensors to Detect Fe(III) and Biothiols