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The use of graphene in surface plasmon resonance sensors, covering a metallic(plasmonic) film, has a number of demonstrated advantages, such protecting thefilm against corrosion/oxidation and facilitating the introduction offunctional groups for selective sensing. Recently, a number of works haveclaimed that few-layer graphene can also increase the sensitivity of thesensor. However, graphene was treated as an isotropic thin film, with anout-of-plane refractive index that is identical to the in-plane index. Here, wecritically examine the role of single and few layers of graphene in thesensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors. Graphene isintroduced over the metallic film via three different descriptions: as anatomic-thick two-dimensional sheet, as a thin effective isotropic material(same conductivity in the three coordinate directions), and as an non-isotropiclayer (different conductivity in the perpendicular direction to thetwo-dimensional plane). We find that only the isotropic layer model, which isknown to be incorrect for the optically modelling of graphene, providessizeable sensitivity increases, while the other, more accurate, models lead tonegligible contribution to the sensitivity.

A critical analysis on the sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensors with graphene