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Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC), a type of cellulose nanofiber biosynthesized by Gluconacetobacter sp., has extremely long (i.e., high-aspect-ratio) fibers that are expected to be useful as nanofillers for fiber-reinforced composite resins. In this study, we investigated a composite of NFBC and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a highly transparent resin, with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of the latter. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the NFBC surface were silylated using 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), a silane coupling agent bearing a methacryloyl group as the organic functional group. The surface-modified NFBC was homogeneously dispersed in chloroform, mixed with neat PMMA, and converted into PMMA composites using a simple solvent-casting method. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite increased by factors of 1.6 and 1.8, respectively, when only 0.10 wt% of the surface-modified NFBC was added, without sacrificing the maximum elongation rate. In addition, the composite maintained the high transparency of PMMA, highlighting that the addition of MPTMS-modified NFBC easily reinforce PMMA. Furthermore, interactions involving the organic functional groups of MPTMS were found to be very important for reinforcing PMMA.

Reinforcing Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Chemically Modified with Methacryolyl Groups