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Comparison of the effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs; CuO, NiO, ZnO, TiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ) on different bioluminescence processes was evaluated using two recombinant ( P m -lux  and  P u -lux ) strains of  Pseudomonas putida mt-2  with same inducer exposure. Different sensitivities and responses were observed according to the type of NPs and recombinant strains. EC 50  values were determined. The negative effects on the bioluminescence activity of the  P m -lux  strain was greater than for the  P u -lux  strains for all NPs tested. EC 50  values for the  P m -lux  strain were 1.7- to 6.2-fold lower (corresponding to high inhibition) than for  P u -lux . ZnO NP caused the greatest inhibition among the tested NPs in both strains, showing approximately 11 times less EC 50s  of CuO, which appeared as the least inhibited. Although NPs showed different sensitivities depending on the bioluminescence process, similar orders of EC 50s  for both strains were observed as follows: ZnO > NiO, Al 2 O 3  > TiO 2  > CuO. More detailed in-depth systematic approaches, including in the field of molecular mechanisms, is needed to evaluate the accurate effect mechanisms involved in both bioluminescence metabolic processes.

Exposure of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Bioluminescence Process of Pu- and Pm-lux Recombinant P. putida mt-2 Strains