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K + /Cl - and K + /F - co-doped LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) materials were successfully synthesized via a solid-state method. Structural characterization revealed that both K + /Cl - and K + /F - co-doping reduced the Li  x  Ni 1  -   x  O impurities and enlarged the lattice parameters compared to those of pure LNMO. Besides this, the K + /F - co-doping decreased the Mn 3+ ion content, which could inhibit the Jahn-Teller distortion and was beneficial to the cycling performance. Furthermore, both the K + /Cl - and the K + /F - co-doping reduced the particle size and made the particles more uniform. The K + /Cl - co-doped particles possessed a similar octahedral structure to that of pure LNMO. In contrast, as the K + /F - co-doping amount increased, the crystal structure became a truncated octahedral shape. The Li + diffusion coefficient calculated from the CV tests showed that both K + /Cl - and K + /F - co-doping facilitated Li + diffusion in the LNMO. The impedance tests showed that the charge transfer resistances were reduced by the co-doping. These results indicated that both the K + /Cl - and the K + /F - co-doping stabilized the crystal structures, facilitated Li + diffusion, modified the particle morphologies, and increased the electrochemical kinetics. Benefiting from the unique advantages of the co-doping, the K + /Cl - and K + /F - co-doped samples exhibited improved rate and cycling performances. The K + /Cl - co-doped Li 0.97 K 0.03 Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 3.97 Cl 0.03 (LNMO-KCl0.03) exhibited the best rate capability with discharge capacities of 116.1, 109.3, and 93.9 mAh g -1 at high C-rates of 5C, 7C, and 10C, respectively. Moreover, the K + /F - co-doped Li 0.98 K 0.02 Ni 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 3.98 F 0.02 (LNMO-KF0.02) delivered excellent cycling stability, maintaining 85.8% of its initial discharge capacity after circulation for 500 cycles at 5C. Therefore, the K + /Cl - or K + /F - co-doping strategy proposed herein will play a significant role in the further construction of other high-voltage cathodes for high-energy LIBs.

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Composite Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Selective Doping of K+/Cl− and K+/F−