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Copper oxide particles of various sizes and constituent phases were used to form conductive circuits by means of photonic sintering. With the assistance of extremely low-energy-density xenon flash pulses (1.34 J/cm 2 ), a mixture of nano/submicron copper oxide particles can be reduced in several seconds to form electrical conductive copper films or circuits exhibiting an average thickness of 6 μm without damaging the underlying polymeric substrate, which is quite unique compared to commercial nano-CuO inks whose sintered structure is usually 1 μm or less. A mixture of submicron/nano copper oxide particles with a weight ratio of 3:1 and increasing the fraction of Cu 2 O in the copper oxide both decrease the electrical resistivity of the reduced copper. Adding copper formate further improved the continuity of interconnects and, thereby, the electrical conductance. Exposure to three-pulse low-energy-density flashes yields an electrical resistivity of 64.6 μΩ·cm. This study not only shed the possibility to use heat-vulnerate polymers as substrate materials benefiting from extremely low-energy light sources, but also achieved photonic-sintered thick copper films through the adoption of submicron copper oxide particles.

Low-Thermal-Budget Photonic Sintering of Hybrid Pastes Containing Submicron/Nano CuO/Cu2O Particles