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Transdermal immunization exhibits poor immunogenic responses due to poor permeability of antigens through the skin. Elastic liposomes, the ultradeformable nanoscale lipid vesicles, overcome the permeability issues and prove a versatile nanocarrier for transcutaneous delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleic acid antigens. Elastic liposome-mediated subcutaneous delivery of chimeric fusion protein ( Pf MSP-Fu 24 ) of Plasmodium falciparum exhibited improved immunogenic responses. Elastic liposomes-mediated immunization of Pf MSP-Fu 24 conferred immunity to the asexual blood-stage infection. Present study is an attempt to compare the protective immune response mounted by the Pf MSP-Fu 24 upon administered through transdermal and intramuscular routes. Humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) response elicited by topical and intramuscularly administered Pf MSP-Fu 24 -laden elastic liposomes (EL- Pf MSP-Fu 24 ) were compared and normalized with the vehicle control. Sizeable immune responses were seen with the transcutaneously immunized EL- Pf MSP-Fu 24 and compared with those elicited with intramuscularly administered antigen. Our results show significant IgG isotype subclass (IgG1and IgG3) response of specific antibody levels as well as cell-mediated immunity (CMI) activating factor (IFN-γ), a crucial player in conferring resistance to blood-stage malaria in mice receiving EL- Pf MSP-Fu 24 through transdermal route as compared to the intramuscularly administered formulation. Heightened immune response obtained by the vaccination of EL- Pf MSP-Fu 24 was complemented by the quantification of the transcript (mRNA) levels cell-mediated (IFN-γ, IL-4), and regulatory immune response (IL-10) in the lymph nodes and spleen. Collectively, elastic liposomes prove their immune-adjuvant property as they evoke sizeable and perdurable immune response against Pf MSP-Fu 24 and justify its potential for the improved vaccine delivery to inducing both humoral and CM immune response.

Transdermal Immunization of Elastic Liposome-Laden Recombinant Chimeric Fusion Protein of P. falciparum (PfMSP-Fu24) Mounts Protective Immune Response