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Embedding silicon nanoparticles in an intermetallic matrix is a promisingstrategy to produce remarkable bulk anode materials for lithium-ion (Li-ion)batteries with low potential, high electrochemical capacity and good cyclingstability. These composite materials can be synthetized at a large scale usingmechanical milling. However, for Si-Ni3Sn4 composites, milling also induces achemical reaction between the two components leading to the formation of freeSn and NiSi2, which is detrimental to the performance of the electrode. Toprevent this reaction, a modification of the surface chemistry of the siliconhas been undertaken. Si nanoparticles coated with a surface layer of eithercarbon or oxide were used instead of pure silicon. The influence of the coatingon the composition, (micro)structure and electrochemical properties ofSi-Ni3Sn4 composites is studied and compared with that of pure Si. Si coatingstrongly reduces the reaction between Si and Ni3Sn4 during milling. Moreover,contrary to pure silicon, Si-coated composites have a plate-like mor-phology inwhich the surface-modified silicon particles are surrounded by ananostructured, Ni3Sn4-based matrix leading to smooth potential profiles duringelectrochemical cycling. The chemical homogeneity of the matrix is more uniformfor carbon-coated than for oxygen-coated silicon. As a consequence, differentelectrochemical behaviors are obtained depending on the surface chemistry, withbetter lithiation properties for the carbon-covered silicon able to deliverover 500 mAh/g for at least 400 cycles.

nanomaterials

Impact of Surface Chemistry of Silicon Nanoparticles on the Structural  and Electrochemical Properties of Si/Ni3.4Sn4 Com-posite Anode for Li-Ion  Batteries