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The development of innovative antimicrobial materials is crucial in thwarting infectious diseases caused by microbes, as drug-resistant pathogens are increasing in both number and capacity to detoxify the antimicrobial drugs used today. An ideal antimicrobial material should inhibit a wide variety of bacteria in a short period of time, be less or not toxic to normal cells, and the fabrication or synthesis process should be cheap and easy. We report a one-step microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of mixed composite Cu  x  Fe  y  O  z  (Fe 2 O 3 /Cu 2 O/CuO/CuFe 2 O) nanoparticles (NPs) as an excellent antimicrobial material. The 1 mg/mL Cu  x  Fe  y  O  z  NPs with the composition 36% CuFeO 2 , 28% Cu 2 O and 36% Fe 2 O 3 have a general antimicrobial activity greater than 5 log reduction within 4 h against nine important human pathogenic bacteria (including drug-resistant bacteria as well as Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains). For example, they induced a &gt;9 log reduction in Escherichia coli B viability after 15 min of incubation, and an ~8 log reduction in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae after 4 h incubation. Cytotoxicity tests against mouse fibroblast cells showed about 74% viability when exposed to 1 mg/mL Cu  x  Fe  y  O  z  NPs for 24 h, compared to the 20% viability for 1 mg/mL pure Cu 2 O NPs synthesized by the same method. These results show that the Cu  x  Fe  y  O  z  composite NPs are a highly efficient, low-toxicity and cheap antimicrobial material that has promising potential for applications in medical and food safety.

Highly Efficient Antimicrobial Activity of CuxFeyOz Nanoparticles against Important Human Pathogens