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In order to improve the electrochemical performance of the NiCo 2 O 4 material, Ni ions were partially substituted with Cu 2+ ions having excellent reducing ability. All of the electrodes were fabricated by growing the Ni 1-x Cu x Co 2 O 4 electrode spinel-structural active materials onto the graphite felt (GF). Five types of electrodes, NiCo 2 O 4 /GF, Ni 0.875 Cu 0.125 Co 2 O 4 /GF, Ni 0.75 Cu 0.25 Co 2 O 4 /GF, Ni 0.625 Cu 0.375 Co 2 O 4 /GF, and Ni 0.5 Cu 0.5 Co 2 O 4 /GF, were prepared for application to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As Cu 2+ ions were substituted, the electrochemical performances of the NiCo 2 O 4 -based structures were improved, and eventually the OER activities were also greatly increased. In particular, the Ni 0.75 Cu 0.25 Co 2 O 4 /GF electrode exhibited the best OER activity in a 1.0 M KOH alkaline electrolyte: the cell voltage required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm -2 was only 1.74 V (η = 509 mV), and a low Tafel slope of 119 mV dec -1 was obtained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of Ni 1-x Cu x Co 2 O 4 /GF before and after OER revealed that oxygen vacancies are formed around active metals by the insertion of Cu ions, which act as OH-adsorption sites, resulting in high OER activity. Additionally, the stability of the Ni 0.75 Cu 0.25 Co 2 O 4 /GF electrode was demonstrated through 1000th repeated OER acceleration stability tests with a high faradaic efficiency of 94.3%.

Enhanced Electrochemical Properties and OER Performances by Cu Substitution in NiCo2O4 Spinel Structure