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Reactive powder composites Cu-(0-15%)TiH 2 containing up to 5% native Cu 2 O were manufactured by high energy ball milling and then hot-pressed to produce bulk nanostructured copper-matrix alloys reinforced by Cu 3 Ti 3 O inclusions. Two high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) protocols were employed for the fabrication of Cu-Ti alloys: single-stage and two-stage ball milling, resulting in an order of magnitude refinement of TiH 2 particles in the reactive mixtures. Single-stage HEBM processing led to the partial retention of Ti in the microstructure of hot-pressed specimens as the α-Ti phase and formation of fine-grained (100-200 nm) copper matrix interspersed with 5-20 nm Cu 3 Ti 3 O precipitates, whereas the two-stage HEBM led to the complete conversion of TiH 2 into the Cu 3 Ti 3 O phase during the hot pressing but produced a coarser copper matrix (1-2 μm) with 0.1-0.2 μm wide polycrystalline Cu 3 Ti 3 O layers on the boundaries of Cu grains. The alloy produced using single-stage HEBM was characterized by the highest strength (up to 950 MPa) and electrical conductivity (2.6 × 10 7 Sm/m) as well as the lowest specific wear rate (1.1 × 10 -5 mm 3 /N/m). The tribological performance of the alloy was enhanced by the formation of Cu 3 Ti 3 O microfibers in the wear debris, which reduced the friction coefficient against the Al 2 O 3 counter-body. The potential applications of the developed alloys are briefly discussed.

Manufacturing of Conductive, Wear-Resistant Nanoreinforced Cu-Ti Alloys Using Partially Oxidized Electrolytic Copper Powder