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Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has attracted increasing attention as a candidate for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to convert anthropogenic CO 2 gas into fuels combined with storage of intermittent and renewable solar energy in forms of chemical bonds for closing the carbon cycle. However, pristine TiO 2 possesses a large band gap (3.2 eV), fast recombination of electrons and holes, and low selectivity for the photoreduction of CO 2 . Recently, considerable progress has been made in the improvement of the performance of TiO 2 photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. In this review, we first discuss the fundamentals of and challenges in CO 2 photoreduction on TiO 2 -based catalysts. Next, the recently emerging progress and advances in TiO 2 nanostructured and hybrid materials for overcoming the mentioned obstacles to achieve high light-harvesting capability, improved adsorption and activation of CO 2 , excellent photocatalytic activity, the ability to impede the recombination of electrons-holes pairs, and efficient suppression of hydrogen evolution are discussed. In addition, approaches and strategies for improvements in TiO 2 -based photocatalysts and their working mechanisms are thoroughly summarized and analyzed. Lastly, the current challenges and prospects of CO 2 photocatalytic reactions on TiO 2 -based catalysts are also presented.

Recent Advances in TiO2-Based Photocatalysts for Reduction of CO2 to Fuels