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Slow waves (SWs) are spatio-temporal patterns of cortical activity that occurboth during natural sleep and anesthesia and are preserved across species. Eventhough electrophysiological recordings have been largely used to characterizebrain states, they are limited in the spatial resolution and cannot targetspecific neuronal population. Recently, large-scale optical imaging techniquescoupled with functional indicators overcame these restrictions, and newpipelines of analysis and novel approaches of SWs modelling are needed toextract relevant features of the spatio-temporal dynamics of SWs from thesehighly spatially resolved data-sets. Here we combined wide-field fluorescencemicroscopy and a transgenic mouse model expressing a calcium indicator(GCaMP6f) in excitatory neurons to study SW propagation over the meso-scaleunder ketamine anesthesia. We developed a versatile analysis pipeline toidentify and quantify the spatio-temporal propagation of the SWs. Moreover, wedesigned a computational simulator based on a simple theoretical model, whichtakes into account the statistics of neuronal activity, the response offluorescence proteins and the slow waves dynamics. The simulator was capable ofsynthesizing artificial signals that could reliably reproduce several featuresof the SWs observed in vivo, thus enabling a calibration tool for the analysispipeline. Comparison of experimental and simulated data shows the robustness ofthe analysis tools and its potential to uncover mechanistic insights of theSlow Wave Activity (SWA).

Analysis and Model of Cortical Slow Waves Acquired with Optical Techniques